Measures of polarization of income distribution and its evolution in Brazil from 1995 to 2021
The importance of distinguishing bipolarization from multipolarization in the analysis of income distribution is emphasized and the interpretation of the main measures for these concepts is discussed. Using PNAD data, we analyze the evolution of bipolarization of the distribution of per capita house...
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas
2023
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| author | Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de |
| author_facet | Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de |
| author_sort | Hoffmann, Rodolfo |
| collection | Portal da Incubadora de Periódicos Científicos, Acadêmicos e Educacionais |
| container_reference | RBEST Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; Vol. 5 (2023): Dossier: Diversity of labour markets in Brazil; e023002 |
| description | The importance of distinguishing bipolarization from multipolarization in the analysis of income distribution is emphasized and the interpretation of the main measures for these concepts is discussed. Using PNAD data, we analyze the evolution of bipolarization of the distribution of per capita household income in Brazil from 1995 to 2021, showing that it is very similar to the evolution of inequality. Using the same database, the evolution of the multipolarization measure of Esteban and Ray from 1995 to 2015 is analysed, showing the importance of choosing the appropriate value of the respective parameter (α) of multipolarization sensitivity. It is verified that with α = 1 this measure captures the growing relevance, in the period 1995-2015, of the spike of incomes equal to the minimum wage. It is demonstrated that the “median relative polarization” of Handcock and Morris (1999) does not capture changes in polarization; and papers with false results on the evolution of the polarization of income distribution in Brazil are criticized. |
| first_indexed | 2025-10-08T14:32:15Z |
| format | Online |
| id | ojs-article-17421 |
| institution | Universidade Estadual de Campinas |
| issn | 2674-9564 |
| language | por |
| last_indexed | 2025-10-08T14:32:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Universidade Estadual de Campinas |
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| spelling | ojs-article-174212023-08-06T20:13:19Z Measures of polarization of income distribution and its evolution in Brazil from 1995 to 2021 Medidas de polarización de la distribución de la renta y su evolución en Brasil de 1995 a 2021 Mesures de la polarisation de la distribution des revenus et de son évolution au Brésil de 1995 à 2021 Medidas de polarização da distribuição de renda e sua evolução no Brasil de 1995 a 2021 Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Distribution des revenus Polarisation des revenus Inégalité – Brésil Income distribution Income polarization Inequality – Brazil Distribuição de renda Polarização da renda Desigualdade – Brasil Distribución de la renta Polarización de la renta Desigualdad – Brasil The importance of distinguishing bipolarization from multipolarization in the analysis of income distribution is emphasized and the interpretation of the main measures for these concepts is discussed. Using PNAD data, we analyze the evolution of bipolarization of the distribution of per capita household income in Brazil from 1995 to 2021, showing that it is very similar to the evolution of inequality. Using the same database, the evolution of the multipolarization measure of Esteban and Ray from 1995 to 2015 is analysed, showing the importance of choosing the appropriate value of the respective parameter (α) of multipolarization sensitivity. It is verified that with α = 1 this measure captures the growing relevance, in the period 1995-2015, of the spike of incomes equal to the minimum wage. It is demonstrated that the “median relative polarization” of Handcock and Morris (1999) does not capture changes in polarization; and papers with false results on the evolution of the polarization of income distribution in Brazil are criticized. Se destaca la importancia de distinguir la bipolarización de la multipolarización en el análisis de la distribución de la renta y se discute la interpretación de las principales medidas para estos conceptos. Utilizando datos de la PNAD, analizamos la evolución de la bipolarización de la distribución de la renta per cápita de los hogares en Brasil de 1995 a 2021, mostrando que es muy similar a la evolución de la desigualdad. Utilizando la misma base de datos, analizamos cómo varió la medida de multipolarización de Esteban y Ray de 1995 a 2015, mostrando la importancia de elegir el valor apropiado del respectivo parámetro (α) de sensibilidad a la multipolarización. Encontramos que con α = 1 esta medida capta la creciente relevancia, en el período 1995-2015, de la frecuencia máxima de ingresos iguales al salario mínimo. Demostramos que el “median relative polarization”, propuesto por Handcock y Morris (1999), no captura los cambios en la polarización; y criticamos los trabajos con resultados falsos sobre la evolución de la polarización de la distribución del ingreso en Brasil. L'importance de distinguer la bipolarisation de la multipolarisation dans l'analyse de la distribution des revenus est soulignée et l'interprétation des principales mesures de ces concepts est discutée. En utilisant les données de la PNAD, nous analysons l'évolution de la bipolarisation de la distribution du revenu des ménages par habitant au Brésil de 1995 à 2021, en montrant qu'elle est très similaire à l'évolution de l'inégalité. En utilisant la même base de données, nous analysons comment la mesure de multipolarisation d'Esteban et Ray a varié de 1995 à 2015, montrant l'importance de choisir la valeur appropriée du paramètre respectif (α) de la sensibilité à la multipolarisation. Nous constatons qu'avec α = 1 cette mesure capture la pertinence croissante, dans la période 1995-2015, de la fréquence maximale des revenus égaux au salaire minimum. Nous démontrons que la “median relative polarization”, proposée par Handcock et Morris (1999), ne capture pas les changements de polarisation; et nous critiquons les articles présentant de faux résultats sur l'évolution de la polarisation de la distribution des revenus au Brésil. Ressalta-se a importância de distinguir bipolarização de multipolarização na análise da distribuição da renda e discute-se a interpretação das principais medidas para esses conceitos. Usando dados da PNAD, analisa-se a evolução da bipolarização da distribuição da renda domiciliar per capita no Brasil de 1995 a 2021, mostrando que ela é muito semelhante à evolução da desigualdade. Usando a mesma base de dados, analisa-se como variou, de 1995 a 2015, a medida de multipolarização de Esteban e Ray, mostrando a importância de escolher o valor apropriado do respectivo parâmetro (α) de sensibilidade à multipolarização. Verifica-se que com α = 1 essa medida capta a crescente relevância, no período 1995-2015, do pico de frequência de rendas iguais ao salário mínimo. Demonstra-se que o “median relative polarization”, proposto por Handcock e Morris (1999), não capta mudanças na polarização; e criticam-se trabalhos com resultados falsos sobre a evolução da polarização da distribuição da renda no Brasil. Universidade Estadual de Campinas 2023-04-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Text Texto Texte Texto application/pdf https://econtents.sbu.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/article/view/17421 10.20396/rbest.v5i00.17421 RBEST Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; Vol. 5 (2023): Dossier: Diversity of labour markets in Brazil; e023002 RBEST Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; Vol. 5 (2023): Dossier: Diversidad de los mercados de trabajo en Brasil; e023002 RBEST Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; Vol. 5 (2023): Dossier: Diversité des marchés du travail au Brésil; e023002 RBEST Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; v. 5 (2023): Dossiê: Diversidade dos mercados de trabalho no Brasil; e023002 2674-9564 por https://econtents.sbu.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/article/view/17421/12549 Brazil; Contemporary Brasil; Contemporáneo Brésil; Contemporaine Brasil; Contemporâneo Copyright (c) 2023 Rodolfo Hoffmann, Josimar Gonçalves de Jesus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Hoffmann, Rodolfo Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de Distribution des revenus Polarisation des revenus Inégalité – Brésil Income distribution Income polarization Inequality – Brazil Distribuição de renda Polarização da renda Desigualdade – Brasil Distribución de la renta Polarización de la renta Desigualdad – Brasil Measures of polarization of income distribution and its evolution in Brazil from 1995 to 2021 |
| title | Measures of polarization of income distribution and its evolution in Brazil from 1995 to 2021 |
| title_full | Measures of polarization of income distribution and its evolution in Brazil from 1995 to 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Measures of polarization of income distribution and its evolution in Brazil from 1995 to 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measures of polarization of income distribution and its evolution in Brazil from 1995 to 2021 |
| title_short | Measures of polarization of income distribution and its evolution in Brazil from 1995 to 2021 |
| title_sort | measures of polarization of income distribution and its evolution in brazil from 1995 to 2021 |
| topic | Distribution des revenus Polarisation des revenus Inégalité – Brésil Income distribution Income polarization Inequality – Brazil Distribuição de renda Polarização da renda Desigualdade – Brasil Distribución de la renta Polarización de la renta Desigualdad – Brasil |
| url | https://econtents.sbu.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/article/view/17421 |
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